In a not entirely unexpected event, the Jamf policy to add the management account to FileVault no longer works on APFS volumes. Executing the policy shows the following in the terminal with verbose output:
Error: Added users failed error. Error adding user to FileVault: Added users failed error.
It's odd this ever worked on APFS in the first place. The management account would previously be added and show on the preboot screen, but when you checked the token status with "sysadminctl -secureTokenStatus $jamfmanagement" it would show as not authorized.
Looks like the loophole has been closed.