I am having the same issue and the only thing I have found that works is to reimage the computer with a different OS package, though it seems to work sporadically with the DMG that is causing the problems.
Just a question for you, this user having the problem, what happens if you ssh in to the machine and delete this file:
/Users/username/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security.plist
After that, can you then log in?
/Matt
The answer seems to be here, the response from Cameron...
https://jamfnation.jamfsoftware.com/discussion.html?id=46
/private/var/audit/current
Don't know what this is, or what it does, but deleting it the allows for proper login again.
And I did in fact interrogate all my packages and found my Office 2008.pkg had that file being installed.
I have not tested with my corrected package yet, but simply put rm -R /private/var/audit/current into my post imaging script is taking care of it at imaging.
We are also seeing this issue on 10.7.4 and .5. Our fix is to log in with a local admin account and un-join and rejoin the domain. We have noticed that there is no AD computer account on the machines until they are rejoined. If there is a better/easier way to resolve this I would like to know also.