I saw @bentoms advised to start using the Directory Utility on a mac that is already bound to the domain.
I found Directory Utility to be easier to use than Apache Studio, ended up using both to get there. Apache studio does not require the mac to be bound to AD.
I had our AD admin create a test group and put two users into that group.
Please take screen captures of your current settings before you try anything new.
There are 4 sections that need to be configured under the gear - System Settings - LDAP servers. Pick or add your server.
Here is my server connection
https://www.dropbox.com/s/7f5v21ohu3p9a3x/Screen%20Shot%202014-07-11%20at%206.29.22%20AM.JPG
I Started with the User Mappings. Even though I was able to get my users to populate with a couple of other settings, these ended up being the ones that worked with the group settings.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/p3zwizoh9wnk0b7/User_Mappings.JPG
There is a test button to see if your settings work. Click it and test the user.
When testing you may need to do the full username i.e.; user@mycompay.com
Once I saw my user, we moved on to User Group Mappings.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/znhawrwuivk7fxw/Group%20Mappings.JPG
Now test your Group Mappings. In my testing I was able to do partial group matches. If my group was called
JAMF Nation Users, I was able to find it with just JAMF.
When you can see your test group, it's time to move onto User Group Membership.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/gdhfezq11nqh5kt/User%20Group%20membership%20Mappings.JPG
Back to the test button - User Group Membership Mapping tab
enter user and the full group name, when the result is YES....time to pop the corks
https://www.dropbox.com/s/yoii0i0tb1khcnk/Test_User_wGroup.JPG
But does it really work? I removed my AD user from the JSS and made sure I had a local admin account setup to get back in if this all failed. Added my JAMF Nation Users group, gave it full admin privs.....logged out. NOW I could log in with my AD user that was part of the JAMF Nation Users group.
That's what worked for us, let me know if you have troubles with the links
Hope it helps
Dan