So far, I've figured out the command(s) which successfully append and delete descriptions [comments] from an active directory object:
dscl -u <AD username with permissions here> "/Active Directory/<Domain>/<subDomain>" -append /Computers/<RecordName> Comment <Insert Description here>
dscl -u <AD username with permissions here> "/Active Directory/<Domain>/<subDomain>" -delete /Computers/<RecordName> Comment
My next question would be: Is it possible to run this script without having to manually insert credentials?
You'd have to figure out what the dscl path is in your own environment. Here's mine:
ELV_ACCT= # your Active Directory elevated account name here
PASS= # may I recommend this workflow here: https://github.com/jamfit/Encrypted-Script-Parameters
DOMAIN= # your domain here
COMPUTER= # name of the computer you whose record you are altering
DESCRIPTION= # text you want to put in the Description field
dscl -u $ELV_ACCT -P $PASS "/Active Directory/$DOMAIN/All Domains/" -append /Computers/${COMPUTER}$ Comment "$DESCRIPTION"
Note: this won't work if you already have a description in the field. Obviously this isn't an issue if you've just bound the computer in the same script, but If the description on the record of an already existing computer is immaterial, then precede it with a delete of the Comment attrib:
dscl -u $ELV_ACCT -P $PASS "/Active Directory/$DOMAIN/All Domains/" -delete /Computers/${COMPUTER}$ Comment