Chris,
I don't have the solution. But I do have a bug logged under Bug ID# 15339885 for the Password Expiration Prompt @ the login window not working under 10.9.
I wonder if some of the login window plist isn't being read in 10.9... Hmm...
The password expiration prompt missing in Mavericks is impacting us as well as this is the only way users are notified that their password is set to expire. anyone found a way to implement this setting?
Update, I was able to use the script posted by daniel.behan to notify users, works great!
https://jamfnation.jamfsoftware.com/discussion.html?id=6172