It used to be that you could script the contents of /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Resources/Packages to install as part of the initial install, but that doesn't seem to do it any longer. I haven't found a solve for this yet.

https://www.jamf.com/jamf-nation/discussions/21248/deploying-xcode-8-via-self-service-a-how-to

Try this

https://github.com/rtrouton/rtrouton_scripts/tree/master/rtrouton_scripts/xcode_post_install_actions

I can confirm that the script on rtouton's github page does work with xcode 9.4.1.

I'm getting that as well, I've tried Rich's script and a number of others without success.

I added this line to Rich's code and it now works, there is an additional package which now needs installed which isn't in the original script.

Install XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg so there is no prompt

if [[ -e "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Resources/Packages/XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg" ]]; then
/usr/sbin/installer -dumplog -verbose -pkg "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Resources/Packages/XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg" -target /
fi

We deploy our Xcode with the version number appended to the filename so that our developers can pick which version they want to used. We deploy the application then run the following three lines which work well.

sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode 10.0.app/Contents/Developer
sudo /usr/bin/xcodebuild -runFirstLaunch'
sudo /usr/bin/xcodebuild -license accept

try this:
(based on @rtrouton work)

#!/bin/sh 

if [ -e /Applications/Xcode.app ]
then

sudo xcodebuild -license accept
# make sure all users on this machine are members of the _developer group 
/usr/sbin/dseditgroup -o edit -a everyone -t group _developer 
# enable developer mode 
/usr/sbin/DevToolsSecurity -enable 
# accept Xcode license 
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/xcodebuild -license accept 
# install embedded packages 
# 
cd /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Resources/Packages/
sudo installer -pkg MobileDevice.pkg -target /
sudo installer -pkg MobileDeviceDevelopment.pkg -target /
# sudo installer -pkg XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg -target / ## no longer required
sudo installer -pkg XcodeSystemResources.pkg -target /

exit 0
else
echo "waiting for app trying again at next checkin"
exit 0
fi

and yes you don't need the sudo.....

this is worth looking at, very recent and carl's work is solid: https://github.com/carlashley/xcode_tools

So, it looks like Apple has made this much easier now - don't know when they did it, but running the command:

sudo /usr/bin/xcodebuild -runFirstLaunch

Will accept the license and install all additional components.