Try remaking the PPPC payload using the setup on one that fails.
I had similar with Chrome, they updated the app and changed something slightly, so the old PPPC payload was no longer valid, even though it looked like it was. Once I built a new one, it was all back working.

Just tried this and still unfortunately have the issues. For some reason, even with (or without) the PPPC payload, it still denies the entire "screensharing" method. I have manually selected everything without that profile, but still says that I need to allow the screenshare. Is this something that could be blocked somewhere else on another policy? What should I look for in particular? 

Here's my configuration that allows this on Monterey and Zoom 5.11.  I know it says Big Sur in the name but it definitely is working on Monterey

Thanks, I tried this and still have no luck on it :(

Going to try opening a ticket with Zoom, because every other application is working for screen sharing

Okay; I FINALLY think I figured it out. Somehow a bad "certificate" token was within the policy. I used the JAMF PPPC Utility to grab all the proper information and was able to do all the whitelisting necessary this time around.

NOTE: If you already have it "whitelisted" on the machine, you will need to remove it from Screen Recording and let it regenerate.

Hi adefallo, what kind of bad certificate is it and how did you find out? Thanks.