This is a script I was testing out a couple of years ago that worked in Catalina and Big Sur, I have no idea if it will work on Monterey or Ventura. It does require a restart after ran and will appear like it did nothing.
#!/bin/bash
uuid=$("/usr/sbin/system_profiler" SPHardwareDataType | grep "Hardware UUID" | awk '{ print $3 }')
prefDomain="com.apple.locationd"
prefDomainWithUUID="com.apple.locationd.$uuid"
byHostPath="/var/db/locationd/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.locationd"
# read booleans
echo "Reading ls_enabled_uuid..."
ls_enabled_uuid=$(sudo -u "_locationd" defaults -currentHost read "${prefDomain}" LocationServicesEnabled)
echo $ls_enabled_uuid
echo "Reading ls_enabled_byhost..."
ls_enabled_byhost=$(sudo defaults read "${byHostPath}" LocationServicesEnabled)
echo $ls_enabled_byhost
# process booleans
if [[ ($ls_enabled_uuid -eq 1) && ($ls_enabled_byhost -eq 1) ]]; then
echo "Location Services are already enabled."
else
# set booleans
echo "Location Services need to be enabled."
sudo -u "_locationd" defaults -currentHost write "${prefDomainWithUUID}" LocationServicesEnabled -int 1
sudo defaults write "${byHostPath}" LocationServicesEnabled -int 1
fi
exit 0
