Do you have file vault enabled?
                
     
                                    
            I think some more details would help here. What OS is installed? How are accounts created (bound to AD, local, etc.)? Also, are you using anything like FileVault?
                
     
                                    
            Are you bound to OD and trying to log in with a user account?
                
     
                                    
            Hi, sounds like you work with network accounts, which check their credentials against an ActiveDirectory/OpenDirectory? I saw this problem before, when the Mac has an active connection to check the credentials and (for any reason) there is a problem, your user can't log in. This could be because the password expired, the account got locked, the password is just wrong, the account got deactivated,.. 
Maybe check for their accounts and try to log them in to an other client, which hasn't shown any troubles yet.
If their accounts are fine, also check the "simple things"... for example the system time. If the clien'ts time (and date!) is more than five minutes apart from the network time, ActiveDirectory for example would refuse any connection. I have seen clients with this kind of problems where the simple solution was to set the time correctly. 
But like wesleya said, more details would be helpful :-)
                
     
                                    
            I've run into this as well.  My observations have been that it's happened mostly on older systems, mostly on High Sierra, but not exclusively to either.  A reboot allows login without issue, but if you log in via SSH before a reboot, I would bet that you'll find that there is an active run of  jamf policy, likely with a start time at least 24 hours in the past.  The most frequent process I see being run at the same time is /usr/sbin/diskutil info /.  The issue recurs on the same machines.
On a few of the machines affected, when I reset the printing subsystem for another issue, the problem stopped recurring.
On any of the affected machines where I have upgraded the OS, the problem stopped recurring.
I have a feeling it happens more often than users report the issue, as some know to just power cycle their Mac and attribute it to "one more computer thing".
                
     
                                    
            Here's another thread where I reported similar behavior, with a little more information than I gave above.