You probably need to "allow less secure apps" https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255?hl=en
Tried that and still not able to connect and I also tried using outlook.com smtp server and got the same error
I quickly tried this today using jamf cloud and could not get it work. I also tried an on prem server with the same gmail account/details and it worked fine. Are you using jamf cloud ? If so, we may need to contact jamf support.
I'm using Jamfcloud. I got it working with a normal Gmail account, but it doesnt seem to like a google business account ( If with all the added security it has like MFA )
I don't know if you found a solution, but I got it working with the below settings with our company business Google account.

You'll need to turn on "Less Secure Apps" within your Gmail account that you're connecting.
https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255?hl=en
Note that Less Secure will be deprecated soon.
https://gsuiteupdates.googleblog.com/2019/12/less-secure-apps-oauth-google-username-password-incorrect.html
Hi,
what I did to successfully configure a GSuite Business account in a 10.20 Jamf Pro Instance :
In Jamf Pro Instance : https://<my-custom-url>:8443/smtpServer.html
Server and Port : smtp.gmail.com 465
Encryption : SSL
Connection Timeout : 30
Sender Display Name : Jamf Pro Server
Sender email address : prefix>@<custom-domain-name-managed-in-gsuite
Requires authentication : Yes
Username : prefix>@<custom-domain-name-managed-in-gsuite
Password : <APP PASSWORD>
It means that I activated 2-Steps Verification for prefix>@<custom-domain-name-managed-in-gsuite email, then I created an App Password specifically for Jamf Pro.
Security settings for GSuite can be found here : https://myaccount.google.com/security
App password can be configured here : https://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords (only works after 2-steps enabled)
This worked for me...arnaud_mombrial
Thanks!
Sorry to necropost, but with "Less secure apps" being unsupported by Google as of May 30th of 2022 what are people doing about this?
Edit: I found this: https://community.jamf.com/t5/jamf-pro/how-to-use-gmail-as-smtp-server-the-right-way/m-p/179105/highlight/true#M167953 Thank you thanks to @user-NhRawIIVsG
it sucks, but I just don't have jamf email configured. I suggest everyone upvote this feature request:
https://ideas.jamf.com/ideas/JN-I-17162