We have encountered several scenarios in which profiles are not properly installing after a machine is re-imaged. In the JSS, it will show that the profile has been successfully installed in the time since re-imaging (Completed Command in Management History); however, there is no profile on the machine. Restarts don't seem to help.
What we have done to successfully fix this is: remove the computer from the JSS and use the QuickAdd package (I believe we created this with Recon) to add the machine again. This appears to work.
Is there a way to fix this on the server side so that we don't have to manually remove and QuickAdd computers after we re-image?