Figured it out. 

/System/Volumes/Data/.adobeTemp/

Thanks. I just ran into this as well. Adobe seems to like moving this file around. So, thanks for getting to a resolution before I wound up needing it.

Rats, adding that folder didn't seem to do the trick. I wonder if it might be in some different folder on ours. Have you found a good method for tracking down where these files wind up? We still have no good way of figuring out where these are.

Struggled with this a few months ago and ended up making our Adobe package with Photoshop 2022 as that didn't have the same issue.  Only help I could find was to check the install log, when searching the error code found there (can't remember what it was now) all I could find was a rather generic page from Adobe covering many errors as "You need to install Rosetta 2" for the solution on Mac, which is installed so likely isn't the issue.

How about adding both folders and see if it works? Pretty sure it's not the Creative Cloud folder but I left it there just in case.

I have opened a case with Apple Enterprise support. I am hoping that they have some tool that will let us know where the file is when the macOS pops up the error message.

The "PSCustomHook" in Adobe Photoshop is not a standalone file with a specific location. It's a plugin framework.