The variables listed in the Administrator's guide seem to work with some caveats.
http://docs.jamf.com/9.99.0/casper-suite/administrator-guide/Computer_Configuration_Profiles.html
$USERNAME will only work if you've captured the enrolling user's name by requiring authentication to complete enrollment.
$BUILDING, $DEPARTMENT would probably only work if you had created buildings and departments in Jamf Pro that matched existing locations in your directory system and those locations were used inside of a user record. I haven't tested every one but the ones that just pull data from the hardware definitely work.