I'm seeing this too for an app that installs a dock icon, likely before
the app itself is installed. I reset the dock as suggested by CCrew,
dragged the app back onto the dock and the issue is fixed.
My enrolled 10.13 machines don't exhibit the flaw, I'm guessing because
the enrollment settings apply a root password. I was only able to
exhibit the flaw on non-enrolled machines. I would suggest testing on a
non-prod machine.
I've tried editing and saving the policy as suggested by jwojda but
still get the error. Jamf also suggested flushing the policy logs but
still the same error.
I opened a ticket with Jamf and they had me run in Terminal on the
affected machine sudo jamf policy -id 1391 which matched the ID in the
policy URL. The result was "No policies were found for the ID 1391." I
deleted the policy and created a new one ...